Pamir International Journal of Social Science
Pamir International Journal of Social Science (PIJOSS) this journal serves as a platform for academics, researchers, and practitioners to publish cutting-edge research in the field of social sciences. Its focus encompasses various disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, political science, communication, economics, social psychology, and international relations. Published articles undergo a rigorous peer-review process to ensure research quality and originality. The journal fosters broad academic dialogue and provides in-depth insights into global social phenomena. Published periodically, the journal welcomes contributions from academic institutions and research organizations worldwide. With high academic standards, it serves as a key reference for researchers and practitioners in understanding and advancing social science studies.
دراسة وتحليل الآثار الاجتماعية والثقافية والاقتصادية للأمر رقم 17 لسماحة أمير المؤمنين حفظه الله من وجهة نظر أساتذة وطلاب جامعة دايكندي
تتناول هذه المقالة دراسة الآثار الاجتماعية والثقافية والاقتصادية القرار رقم 17 الصادر عن أمير المؤمنين حفظه الله في مجتمع أفغانستان. وقد صدر هذا القرار بهدف إصلاح العادات غير المرغوبة في المناسبات مثل الزواج، الوفاة، والعودة من الحج والعمرة، وتم تنظيمه بناءً على تعاليم القرآن والسنة. تم إجراء البحث الحالي باستخدام الطريقة الكمية وتوزيع استبيان على أساتذة وطلاب جامعة دايكندي. تظهر النتائج أن هذا الأمر كان له تأثيرات إيجابية على العلاقات الاجتماعية، التربية الروحية، تبسيط الحياة الثقافية، وتقليل الضغوط الاقتصادية. كما أن معامل كرونباخ ألفا للمتغيرات البحثية يشير إلى موثوقية عالية لأداة جمع البيانات. وتشير النتائج إلى أن القرار رقم 17 قد لعب دورًا فعالًا في تقليل التفاخر، منع الانحرافات الاقتصادية، وإحياء القيم الإسلامية. يتميز هذا البحث بحداثة موضوعه وعدم وجود سوابق مشابهة، مما يجعله بحثًا تطبيقيًا يمكن أن يساعد الجهات المعنية بتنفيذ القانون في تقييم الأمر وتعديله. البيانات التي تم جمعها من مجتمع جامعة دايكندي تشير إلى قبول واسع للأمر بين الأساتذة والطلاب، كما برزت آثاره الإيجابية في مختلف جوانب حياة أفراد المجتمع.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pamir International Journal of Social Science
Examining the features of a geographic map
Abstract Geographical maps are instruments utilized to depict natural and anthropogenic features on the Earth's surface. The principal attributes of a map include scale, orientation, symbols and signs, geographic grid (longitude and latitude), boundary delineations, elevation representation, sources of information, map accuracy, and map classification. These attributes assist users in accurately interpreting maps and employing them for various purposes such as navigation and geographic analyses. The objective of the present study is to examine and analyze the fundamental components and essential characteristics of a standardized geographic map, thereby providing criteria for assessing the quality and efficacy of maps for end-users. The research methodology employed is descriptive-analytical, leveraging library resources, sample maps, and cartographic standards to scrutinize key features such as title, scale, orientation, symbols and signs, geographic coordinates, map type, accuracy, and currency. The findings indicate that the presence of an appropriate scale, standardized symbols, precise orientation, and up-to-date information constitute four pivotal elements in enhancing the functional efficiency of maps. Furthermore, the selection of the map type in accordance with its intended application (e.g., political, physical, or climatic) plays a significant role in the accurate transmission of information. Consequently, attention to the foundational attributes of geographic maps is imperative for their effective preparation and utilization. A map devoid of an accurate title, valid scale, or comprehensible symbols is not only rendered impractical but may also mislead users. Hence, adherence to cartographic design principles and the employment of advanced mapping technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can substantially improve the precision and quality of maps.
Map, geography, Symbols, latitude and longitude.
Effectiveness of Using Blended Learning in Teaching English Language for Students of English Department at Badakhshan University
This study examines the effectiveness of blended learning in teaching English to students of the English Department at Badakhshan University. Blended learning combines face-to-face teaching with online learning activities. The study conducted by questionnaires and tests to collect data from students. The results show that blended learning helps students to improve their English skills، especially listening، speaking، and vocabulary. Students were more motivated and active in learning English through online materials and classroom activities. Although there were some problems such as weak internet access، blended learning had a positive effect on students’ learning. The study suggests that blended learning can be a useful method for teaching English at the university level.
Blended Learning، English Teaching، University Student
الترجمة من العربیة إلى اللغات الأفغانیة المشاكل والحلول
یهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة المشكلات التی تواجه الترجمة من اللغة العربیة إلى اللغات الأفغانیة فی مسیرتها الطویلة، والبحث عن الحلول العلمیة المناسبة لهذه المشكلات.اعتمد الباحث فی هذه الدراسة على المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، حیث قام برصد المشكلات الترجمیة الشائعة لدى المترجمین الأفغان وتحلیلها، ثم اقتراح الحلول المناسبة لها. كما استخدم الباحث المنهج الاستقرائی من خلال تتبع النماذج والأمثلة الترجمیة للوصول إلى نتائج عامة. توصّل البحث إلى النتائج التالیة:المشكلات المرصودة:الاستخفاف والاستهانة بعمل الترجمة فی البلاد من قِبَل أغلب المترجمین الذین یقومون بعملیة النقل والترجمة من العربیة إلى اللغات الأفغانیة.عدم اهتمام المترجمین الأفغان، لا سیما الناشئین منهم، بالموضوع الذی یترجمونه.اعتمادهم فی ترجمة النصوص العربیة إلى اللغات الأفغانیة على الترجمة الحرفیة.عدم اهتمامهم بمعرفة المصطلحات التی ترد فی النص المقصود ترجمته.غفلة أغلب المترجمین الأفغان الناشئین عن فهم بعض الظواهر اللغویة فی اللغة العربیة التی لها أثر بارز فی الترجمة، مثل ظاهرتَی الترادف والاشتراك اللفظی.الحلول المقترحة:ضرورة إدراك المترجمین الأفغان أهمیة عمل الترجمة من العربیة إلى اللغات الأفغانیة وصعوبته حتى لا یستهینوا به.وجوب اعتناء المترجمین الأفغان بالموضوع الذی یترجمونه اعتناءً كبیراً. لزوم معرفة المترجمین بالمصطلحات العلمیة التی ترد فی النص المترجَم معرفةً تامة. ضرورة إدراك المترجمین الأفغان عیوب الترجمة الحرفیة وعدم الاعتماد علیها فی ترجمة النصوص.وجوب فهم المترجمین الأفغان الظواهر اللغویة التی تفیدهم فی ترجمة النصوص من العربیة إلى اللغات الأفغانیة.
الترجمة المعنویة، الترجمة الحرفیة، اللغة المصدر، اللغة الهدف، التصرف فی الترجمة، النقل
Enhancing Quality Assurance in Higher Education through Blockchain: A Systematic Literature Review
Due to the positive impact on the security of information as well as trust، security، and transparency in various academic processes، blockchain technology has emerged as a prospective technology to improve quality assurance in higher education. This systematic review synthesizes more than 30 studies conducted between 2018 and 2025 on the application of blockchain technology for quality assurance in higher education. These trends include the application of blockchain for verification and management of academic credentials، administration، validation، impact of blockchain on ensuring quality، students’ information security، and design of academic systems based on blockchain technology. The texts reviewed unanimously discussed the advantages that include efficient service delivery، record accuracy، and tamper-proof systems. On the other hand، there are still challenges such as technical complexity، expensive costs، interoperability، and regulatory concerns of the country in question، particularly Afghanistan. The study analyzes applications from different areas، for instance، credential verification as opposed to online course quality and adaptation strategies of blockchain toward building blockchain ecosystems، illustrating gaps in the absence of standard frameworks integrating various disciplines and empirical studies. Blockchain technology could be fully utilized for quality assurance in higher education if integrated governance models and practical implementations were developed.
Blockchain Technology، Higher Education، Quality Assurance، Educational Accreditation، Transparency in Education، Decentralized Systems
A Critical Review of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Afghanistan
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is widely promoted in global English education، emphasizing meaningful interaction، learner autonomy، and communicative competence. However، its implementation in developing and post-conflict contexts like Afghanistan remains difficult، often failing to translate policy into practice. This critical review examines the theoretical basis of CLT and how it has been interpreted or resisted in Afghan English teaching environments. Although national curriculum documents support CLT principles، classroom practices largely remain rigidly teacher-centered and overwhelmingly grammar-focused. Key barriers include limited teacher proficiency، inadequate training in communicative methods، large classes، scarce resources، exam-oriented assessment، and learner independence. While CLT has strong potential to significantly improve English learning in Afghanistan، the review argues that success requires a localized adaptation rather than adoption of Western models. It ultimately recommends context-sensitive teacher development، culturally appropriate communicative activities، and stronger institutional support to enable sustainable CLT implementation. Keywords: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)، Performance، English Language Teaching (ELT)، Communicative Competence، Teacher Training; Afghan EFL learners.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)، Performance، English Language Teaching (ELT)، Communicative Competence، Teacher Training; Afghan EFL learners.
تتناول هذه الدراسة أهمية قواعد النحو العربي في فهم النصوص العربية، حيث تُعدّ هذه القواعد العمود الفقري لفهم المعاني وتحليل التراكيب اللغوية بدقة. وتهدف الدراسة إلى توضيح الدور الحيوي الذي تلعبه القواعد النحوية في الكشف عن المعاني الصريحة والضمنية في النصوص، وبيان تأثيرها المباشر على الفهم الصحيح للمقاصد والأفكار المطروحة. ولتحقيق ذلك، اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لتحليل العلاقة بين القواعد النحوية والفهم النصي، مع الاستعانة بمجموعة من الأمثلة التطبيقية المستمدة من النصوص الأدبية والدينية والعلمية. وقد خلصت النتائج إلى أن إتقان القواعد النحوية يُسهم بشكل فعّال في تحسين مستوى الفهم والتحليل النصي، ويُمكّن القارئ من إدراك الفروق الدلالية الدقيقة بين التراكيب اللغوية المختلفة. كما بيّنت الدراسة أن الإعراب، والتراكيب النحوية، والسياق النحوي، تُشكّل أدواتٍ أساسية في تفسير النصوص وتفادي اللبس أو سوء الفهم. وأوضحت أن تراجع الاهتمام بتعليم النحو في العصر الحديث يُشكّل تحدياً كبيراً يهدّد قدرة الأجيال الجديدة على فهم التراث العربي والإسلامي فهماً صحيحاً. ومن ثمّ، تدعو الدراسة إلى تجديد مناهج تعليم النحو وربطها بالسياقات التطبيقية الواقعية لتعزيز الكفاءة اللغوية والنصية لدى المتعلّمين. الكلمات المفتاحية: الإعراب، التحليل النصي، التراكيب اللغوية ، السياق ، القواعد النحوية ، النصوص العربية.
الإعراب، التحليل النصي، التراكيب اللغوية ، السياق ، القواعد النحوية ، النصوص العربية
Communication Strategies of Radio Announcers in Increasing Listener Interest in Talkshow Programs at Radio Dakta 107 Fm Bekasi
Radio is one of the oldest communication media with an auditory nature, meaning it can only be heard as a tool for delivering information. Despite the rapid development of communication and information technology, radio remains relevant due to its unrestricted reach in terms of space and time, making it strategic in disseminating balanced information to the public. Radio carries both freedom and responsibility in fulfilling its roles as a medium for information, education, entertainment, social control, and social cohesion. This study aims to examine the communication strategies used by announcers at Radio Dakta 107 FM, particularly in talkshow programs. A qualitative method was employed, using in-depth interviews with five radio announcers as informants. The findings indicate that the strategies employed to increase listener interest include: Idea Communication, Delivering ideas clearly, using a relaxed yet confident speaking style, and maintaining interaction with listeners. Personality Communication, Being authentic, communicative, and warm. Personality Projection, managing voice, clear articulation, and precise pronunciation. Pronunciation, controlling intonation, volume, and tempo. Voice Control, ensuring consistent and engaging vocal delivery. Additionally, the radio station itself supports these strategies by utilizing social media as a tool for disseminating information to audiences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pamir International Journal of Social Science
Analysis Of Islamic Communication Strategies In The Cyber Society Era: A Case Study Of Ustadz Syafiq Riza Basalamah’s Da‘Wah Quote Content
This qualitative descriptive study, based on literature review and discourse analysis, aims to understand Islamic communication strategies in the era of cyber society through a case study of Ustadz Syafiq Riza Basalamah’s da‘wah quote content on Instagram. This study analyzes five da‘wah quote contents, namely “Expressions of Love,” “Self-Reflection through Dhikr,” “Marriage Is Not About Sweet Love in the Beginning,” “Proof of True Love,” and “Stuck Like a Stamp.” The results indicate that Ustadz Syafiq employs da‘wah communication strategies that adapt to the characteristics of digital society, using simple language, a reflective delivery style, and visually appealing and easily comprehensible media. The bil hikmah approach serves as the primary foundation in each da‘wah message, emphasizing a balance between spiritual values and modern social contexts. Overall, the content demonstrates that Islamic da‘wah on new media can be effective if delivered contextually, communicatively, and grounded in the Qur’an and Hadith. Therefore, digital media-based Islamic communication strategies are considered relevant and necessary for sustaining da‘wah in the cyber society era.
The Role of Auditing Practices in Achieving Sustainability: International Experience and Implementation Prospects in Uzbekistan
This article analyzes modern trends in auditing practices and their role in sustainable economic development based on international scholarly sources. In particular, it has been identified that in recent years, the role of digital technologies, sustainability reporting, and internal audit standards in auditing activities has been strengthening. According to the analysis of studies conducted by foreign scholars, in developed countries auditing serves not only as a tool for verifying financial statements but also as a mechanism for assessing companies’ sustainability strategies. Adapting these trends to Uzbekistan’s auditing practices could enhance financial transparency, strengthen investor confidence, and align the national economic system more closely with international standards. The article presents conceptual analyses and practical recommendations in this direction.
Attribute standards; performance standards; international internal auditing standards; audit committee; telecommunication companies.
Islamic Strategies for Combating Poverty: An Analytical Study of Religious Teachings and Socioeconomic Implications
Poverty is a persistent social phenomenon that affects individuals and societies across the globe. While many global systems have attempted to address it, Islam—as a comprehensive and holistic religion—offers a unique perspective grounded in both spiritual and socio-economic dimensions. Contrary to some misconceptions that associate Islam with the promotion or romanticizing of poverty, Islamic teachings view poverty as a potential danger to faith, ethics, and social harmony. This study explores the Islamic perspective on poverty and identifies religiously endorsed strategies for its eradication or mitigation. It aims to clarify Islamic positions on wealth, labor, economic justice, and charitable obligations, while examining how these principles contribute to the formation of a just and secure society. Using a qualitative analytical method, the study draws upon primary Islamic sources such as the Qur'an, Hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and the insights of early scholars including Ali ibn Abi Talib and Imam Abu Hanifa. The research also engages with relevant socio-economic concepts to contextualize the applicability of Islamic strategies to contemporary realities. Findings indicate that Islam encourages lawful work, economic self-reliance, and social responsibility, while strongly opposing financial corruption, exploitation, and hoarding of wealth. Mechanisms such as zakat, sadaqah, prohibition of usury, and mutual aid are presented as practical tools for reducing poverty and redistributing wealth. The Prophet’s supplications against poverty, along with statements from his companions condemning it, reflect a consistent position that poverty is not an ideal but a condition to be overcome. The study concludes that Islam offers a comprehensive and ethically grounded framework for addressing poverty. Its emphasis on justice, dignity, and economic balance offers valuable insights for contemporary societies seeking sustainable solutions to poverty. Integrating these principles into modern systems could promote greater social cohesion, equity, and well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pamir: International Journal of Social sciences
A Review of New Trends in Sustainable Agriculture and Their Impact on Rural Economic Development
Sustainable agriculture is considered a key strategy for addressing contemporary challenges related to food security, natural resource conservation, and the economic development of rural communities. The main goal of this article is to examine new trends in sustainable agriculture and their impact on rural economic development. Using a scientific literature review method, this article investigates novel trends in sustainable agriculture and analyzes their effects on eco-nomic development in rural areas. The findings, derived from the collection and analysis of reliable scientific sources, indicate that the application of new technologies, sustainable agricultural systems, natural resource management methods, and farmers' participation in local decision-making processes leads to increased productivity, im-proved income, and enhanced livelihoods for rural families. Fur-thermore, sustainable agriculture can serve as a foundation for stable employment and reduced internal migration. Although this approach offers numerous benefits, challenges such as a lack of investment, insufficient technical knowledge, ineffective policies, and the con-sequences of climate change hinder its full implementation in devel-oping countries, particularly Afghanistan. By reviewing successful experiences in various countries, this article demonstrates that align-ing agricultural policies with sustainability principles, supporting governmental and international institutions, and strengthening local capacities can create a conducive environment for rural economic development. Ultimately, this research emphasizes the necessity of prioritizing sustainable agriculture as an effective strategy for achiev-ing sustainable development goals.
Investigating Infrastructure for Implementing E-Learning: A Case Study of Badakhshan University
E-learning has transformed education worldwide, providing flexibility and inclusiveness in learning, especially in developing countries like Afghanistan, and this study examined the infrastructure and readiness of Badakhshan University for implementing e-learning. The aim of this research is to identify the main infrastructure challenges and assess the organizational, technological and human capacity for implementing digital learning. Using a mixed-method approach, this research collected data by administering structured questionnaires to 114 respondents, namely students, instructors, and administrative staff, and document analysis was also used to support the findings. The findings indicate that while e-learning is highly valued among students and educators and they are ready to adopt this effective method, key barriers including insecure internet connectivity, lack of access to electronic devices, poor technical support, and low training of students and ICT staff pose a major challenge in implementing e-learning. Fortunately, despite these barriers, there is a favorable attitude towards e-learning adoption among most stakeholders, provided that programs for infrastructure development and capacity building are put in place. This research provides contextual evidence on e-learning readiness in a developing environment and provides policy-related recommendations to policymakers, university leadership, and development partners. The experience of Badakhshan University serves as a model for other similar universities in Afghanistan and beyond.
A review of the submitted works for earning the Associate Professor academic rank at Afghan universities in 1398
This study employs an analytical-statistical method, with the primary objective of demonstrating the extent of research, authorship, and translation processes within Afghanistan's higher education system for achieving the rank of Lecturer. The findings indicate that the year 1398 recorded the highest number of registered topics for research, authorship, and translation compared to previous years, aimed at obtaining the rank of Professor (Lecturer). Notably, there is approximately a 40% difference between the years 1396 and the preceding year. This relative increase in academic ranking within educational institutions has contributed to raising the academic standards of these institutions, largely influenced by the recent pressure from the Ministry of Higher Education regarding the attainment of academic ranks, as mentioned in the Ministry's regulations. Consequently, the focus on achieving academic ranks in these institutions has become a priority. Although the number of research, authored, and translated works remains insufficient to meet academic needs, it represents a significant and valuable step towards strengthening materials and resources for research, authorship, and translation in the country’s universities. The primary question posed is how many works were researched, authored, and translated by academic staff in 1398 to obtain the rank of Lecturer. As observed, the trend of research, authorship, and translation in 1398 has been unprecedented in Afghanistan's higher education institutions compared to the 1990s.
The Challenges Faced by Students in Learning Arabic Grammar
This study represents a review of the main challenges faced in learning Arabic grammar and ways to improve its teaching. The focus was on analyzing traditional teaching methods and the lack of use of modern educational tools, in addition to the limited integration of educational games and the weak use of blended learning strategies. Through a review of literature and previous studies, the importance of developing modern educational curricula that include the use of technology and educational games, enhancing students' self-learning skills, and evaluating the effectiveness of new educational methods was identified. The study concluded that improving the effectiveness of teaching Arabic grammar requires continuous research in this field and the design of innovative educational curricula, which contributes to improving students' academic levels and makes the learning process more enjoyable and interactive.
The Elegy Poem for Saad Zaghloul by Hafiz Ibrahim : A Prosodic Analytical Study
Elegy refers to lamenting the deceased, praising them by mentioning their virtuous qualities, noble character, honorable stances, and praying for mercy and forgiveness for them, while also encouraging their relatives to be patient and find solace. The aim of this article is to critique the poem based on prosodic standards by analyzing its verses, identifying the correct and incorrect ones, applying prosodic meters, and discussing their irregularities and defects. This will provide a solid foundation for an accurate, objective critique of the poem. The methodology followed in this article is a descriptive-analytical approach, where the poem’s verses are segmented, and their irregularities and defects are highlighted. Through my research, I have concluded that this poem has a well-constructed structure, a strong foundation, and adheres to the poetic meter and rhythmic patterns established by Khalil al-Farahidi. There are no significant flaws that diminish the poet's or the poem's value. I observed instances of khaban (elision), which, although frequent, enhance the rhythm's beauty. There is also tash‘ith (truncation), which is correct and does not indicate a break in the verse. The few irregularities and metrical defects, such as kaf and shikl, are considered faults in the Khafif meter, and the poet should avoid them.
Simile and Its Layers in Surah Al-Rahman : An Applied Rhetorical Study
The Holy Quran serves as the primary source of Islamic legislation and a crucial reference in language. Thanks to its influence, various sciences have emerged, including grammar, eloquence, interpretation, jurisprudence, and recitation, among others. Its meanings have been translated into numerous foreign languages. Unraveling the meanings of Quranic verses requires the knowledge of rhetoric, encompassing eloquence, meanings, and creativity. Hence, this research delves into the rhetorical miracle related to expression, particularly through similes. Simile involves conveying a profound meaning clearly through a precise and eloquent phrase, especially in Surah Al-Rahman. Simile, at its core, is a linguistic representation aimed at elucidating an idea or bridging the gap between a hidden meaning and an explicit one. It possesses a powerful imaginative quality, coupled with the need for a decisive concept. I chose simile for this research as it is the most natural method for conveying meaning and is abundantly present in the Quran. Allah, in His Noble Book, mentions the use of similes extensivel. Surah Al-Rahman was selected because it addresses the fundamental principles of Islamic belief, standing out like a bride among other chapters. The surah commences with the enumeration of Allah's magnificent blessings and abundant favors upon His servants. Its introduction highlights the blessing of "teaching the Quran" as a grand gift to humanity.
The Role of Zakat in Poverty Reduction in Afghanistan
Humanity has always strived to reduce or completely eradicate poverty, employing various methods to achieve this goal. Islam, as a religion with systematic programs in all aspects of life, has also endeavored to reduce poverty in communities and assist the poor through various means. One of these means is zakat, which, if properly and correctly managed, can significantly reduce poverty. The aim of this research is to explore whether zakat can play a significant role in poverty reduction. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method using library tools with a review of existing research on the role of zakat in poverty reduction in different countries. The findings of this research indicate that countries that have effectively managed zakat have been able to reduce poverty within their borders. From this research, it can be concluded that if zakat is properly collected, distributed, and managed in Afghanistan, it can help reduce poverty in the country.
Registered Works for Obtaining the Academic Rank of Senior Teaching Assistant in Higher Education Institutions in Afghanistan in the Year 1398
This research employs an analytical-statistical approach. Our fundamental objective in the present study is to demonstrate the extent of the use of research, authorship, and translation processes within the academic system of Afghanistan. The findings indicate that the year 1398 saw the highest number of registered topics for research, authorship, and translation compared to previous years, aimed at obtaining the rank of Professor. Notably, there is an observable difference of approximately 45% between the years 1397 and the preceding year. Although the number of research, authored, and translated works remains modest, it represents a significant and valuable step towards strengthening the materials and resources for research within the country's academic system. The primary question addressed is how to initiate the processes of research, authorship, and translation in higher education institutions in Afghanistan, utilizing the works and research of other nations to achieve academic rank. As observed, the trend of research, authorship, and translation in 1398 has been unprecedented in Afghanistan's higher education institutions compared to the 1990s.
Investigation of Gold Mines in Yaftal District of Badakhshan Province and its Economic Importance
Due to the fact that there are many mines in Badakhshan province such as: lapis lazuli mine, Lal mine, emerald mine, etc., and it has made this province famous in this sense. Yaftal district is also rich in gold mining, and its extraction (of course, in a non-technical and elementary way) is carried out on a large scale, and it has changed the lives of the people of this district from an economic point of view. The purpose of this research is to collect information about gold and extract it for the knowledge of those interested. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method has been used. The findings of this work have shown that the existing mines in this district are owned by its residents due to their limited resources, they continuously extract them, sell them in the market and make their lives prosperous. As a result, the identification and extraction of these mines in Yaftal district has made a large number of people of this district busy and in general, there has been a significant change in the lives of these people from an economic point of view.
The Impacts of Mobile Apps on English Vocabulary Development of Afghan EFL Students
The integration of mobile applications (apps) into the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom has gained significant attention due to their potential in enhancing vocabulary development. This review article explores the impact of mobile apps on vocabulary acquisition among Afghan EFL students. As the use of mobile technology becomes more pervasive, its role in language learning, particularly in vocabulary enhancement, has prompted both educators and researchers to examine its effectiveness. This article synthesizes various studies on mobile apps designed for vocabulary learning, analyzing their benefits, challenges, and pedagogical implications within the Afghan context. The review highlights the versatility of mobile apps in providing interactive, personalized, and accessible learning opportunities, which cater to diverse learning needs. However, it also addresses the limitations of mobile apps, such as technological barriers and the need for teacher guidance. The findings suggest that while mobile apps have the potential to improve vocabulary acquisition, their success is influenced by factors such as app quality, student motivation, and the integration of these tools into formal teaching practices. This article aims to provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers looking to implement mobile-assisted language learning in Afghanistan.