Islamic Strategies for Combating Poverty: An Analytical Study of Religious Teachings and Socioeconomic Implications

Abstract

Poverty is a persistent social phenomenon that affects individuals and societies across the globe. While many global systems have attempted to address it, Islam—as a comprehensive and holistic religion—offers a unique perspective grounded in both spiritual and socio-economic dimensions. Contrary to some misconceptions that associate Islam with the promotion or romanticizing of poverty, Islamic teachings view poverty as a potential danger to faith, ethics, and social harmony.

This study explores the Islamic perspective on poverty and identifies religiously endorsed strategies for its eradication or mitigation. It aims to clarify Islamic positions on wealth, labor, economic justice, and charitable obligations, while examining how these principles contribute to the formation of a just and secure society.

Using a qualitative analytical method, the study draws upon primary Islamic sources such as the Qur'an, Hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and the insights of early scholars including Ali ibn Abi Talib and Imam Abu Hanifa. The research also engages with relevant socio-economic concepts to contextualize the applicability of Islamic strategies to contemporary realities.

Findings indicate that Islam encourages lawful work, economic self-reliance, and social responsibility, while strongly opposing financial corruption, exploitation, and hoarding of wealth. Mechanisms such as zakat, sadaqah, prohibition of usury, and mutual aid are presented as practical tools for reducing poverty and redistributing wealth. The Prophet’s supplications against poverty, along with statements from his companions condemning it, reflect a consistent position that poverty is not an ideal but a condition to be overcome.

The study concludes that Islam offers a comprehensive and ethically grounded framework for addressing poverty. Its emphasis on justice, dignity, and economic balance offers valuable insights for contemporary societies seeking sustainable solutions to poverty. Integrating these principles into modern systems could promote greater social cohesion, equity, and well-being.