The Legal Ruling on Deposits in Islamic Banks

چکیده

Abstract

Islamic banking represents a contemporary financial system grounded in Islamic jurisprudence, wherein all transactions are conducted in accordance with Sharia principles and the fiqh of financial dealings. Among these operations, deposits constitute a significant component, the legal status of which must be clarified from an Islamic legal perspective. This article endeavors to answer the central question: What is the Islamic legal ruling on bank deposits within Islamic financial institutions? The proposed hypothesis is that, in the modern era, deposits have taken on multiple forms. Some of these fall under legitimate contractual frameworks such as muḍārabah (profit-sharing) and mushārakah (partnership), while others do not conform to permissible Islamic contracts and are therefore considered unlawful. The academic objective of this study is to provide a Sharia-based legal analysis of the current practice of bank deposits. Its importance lies in the fact that, in today’s financial world, monetary transactions—particularly deposits—form an essential part of banking activities. Therefore, determining the Islamic legal ruling of such transactions is a critical necessity in the field of Islamic finance. The research methodology adopted is library-based, employing a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of this study indicate that bank deposits are of various types: some are in accordance with permissible Islamic contracts, while others fall into the category of interest-bearing and illegitimate transactions from an Islamic legal standpoint.

Keywords: Bank, Ruling, Deposit, Fiqh, Wadīʿah (Trust Deposit)